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Backward
Design for Forward Action |
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my view, although this concise framework uses the idea of “backward
design” instead of a Tylerian “objectives approach,”
it seems to address only the first three stages from the traditional
systems approach to problem solving (slightly rearranged though!).
According to Reiser and Salisbury (1995, p. 257), a systems approach
for school improvement or problem solving would involve the following
six steps:
1. Clearly specifying instructional goals and
objectives,
2. Carefully selecting instructional materials and planning instructional
activities that would enable students to meet those objectives,
3. Designing assessment instruments that would adequately assess
student attainment of the objectives,
4. Implementing the instructional program that was created in
this fashion,
5. Analyzing student performance under such a system, and
6. Continually attempting to improve the system based on the results
that were obtained.
Reiser, R.
A., & Salisbury, D. F. (1995). Instructional technology and
public education in the United States. In G. J. Anglin. (Ed.),
Instructional technology: Past, present, and future (2nd
ed.) (pp. 254-262). Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited.
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